Jun 07, 2016 learn how erosion is affecting you coastline. Factors affecting changes in erosion status in the. Land degradation in the form of general loss of productivity and was pervasive problem in. Factors affecting soil erosion and effects of soil erosion nptel. Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies. Which of the following is not a major factor affecting soil development and its eventual productivity. U in construction areas fo1 the pwpose of designing protective measure.
Test your knowledge of the factors that increase coastal erosion remember that the opposite will decrease coastal erosion. Interactive factors affecting erosion in unsurfaced roads. A part of rainfall always snips into the soil on the covered rocks and looses the rock particle by dissolving it. R rainfall runoff erosivity k soil erodibility l length of slope. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes.
Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies rills. Factors affecting coastal erosion flashcards quizlet. Interactive factors affecting erosion in unsurfaced roads a study underway at the university of birmingham has identified more than 2200 studies of soil erosion. A moist, cool climate can even favor the formation of glaciers in mountains and high latitudes. Differences in composition mean certain rock types are more or less resistant to erosion and weathering than others. The relative effectiveness of each of the three main conservation practices in control of erosion, contour farming, strip cropping, and terracing is presented. Factors affecting species and habitats factors affecting species and habitats.
This is where the rocks run at a right angle to the sea rather than a concordant coastline which runs parallel. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Factors affecting the extent of wind erosion aridity of climate. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. The biggest factor affecting coastal erosion is the strength of the waves breaking along the coastline. Environment agency thinksoils factors that influence erosion and runoff generic soil groups chalk and limestone soils factors that influence erosion and runoff 18 generic soils groups chalk and limestone soils 3 shallow chalk and limestone soils these thin soils are less than 30cm deep. The factors listed earlier have been organized in a framework of six categories with a number of subfactors as shown in the following table. The processes are raindrop impact and transportation of soil particles by flowing water. Slow geological process of construction and destruction is going on the surface of earth for millions of years because earth is old enough and has been completely leveled by weathering and erosion. So, let us start with climatic factors and the climatic factors that impact the are affect the soil erosion are rainfall, wind, humidity. Relief mountain regions have steep slopes which means that in the event of rain they drain quickly leaving the dry.
Experimental investigation of some hydrodynamic factors. Factors affecting sheet and rill erosion smith 1957 eos. Erosion and changes in the form of river banks may be measured by inserting metal rods into the bank and marking the position of the bank surface along the rods at different times. As water and other agents strip away less resilient layers, more durable rock masses are left as outcrops, ridges or summits. However, the severity of dental erosion varies among eating disorder patients and is not associated with the eating disorders duration 3, 5.
Environment agency thinksoils factors that influence erosion and runoff soil surface roughness factors that influence erosion and runoff soil surface roughness 3 ploughed land provides surface storage of rainwater soil surface roughness soil surface roughness rough surfaces e. Wind erosion can also take place in highrainfall climates when certain months of the year are particularly dry but only if the soil is tilled with techniques that crush the surface fine. Soil erosion by wind occurs under dry conditions and high wind velocity. Table 1 presents the classification of the nine important factors affecting erosion and producing sediments erodibility based on high redundancy of sediments. Rickson school of agriculture food and environment, cranfield university, silsoe campus, bedford mk45 4dt, uk abstract at sample locations in the swaziland middleveld comparison of erosion severity class at two dates 1972 and 1990 shows where the incidence. Erosion occurs when the shear force exerted by water on a soil unit exceeds the forces binding that unit to underlying soil.
Mar 19, 2004 recommendations to facilitate adoption of different swc measures include. Factors affecting changes in erosion status in the swaziland. Rock weathering is greatly affected by the following parameters. Soil formation five factors of soil formation rocks parent. Processes of soil formation 2,500 years the five factors of soil formation control four general processes responsible for soil. This pdf is a chapter of the oregon nearshore strategy, the marine component of the official state wildlife action plan for oregon. Department of chemical engineering, university of saskatchewan, saskatoon, sk s7n 0w0. Top 5 factors affecting crop production your article library. Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water. Factors affecting sheet and rill erosion smith 1957. However, despite the prospect of land degradation, not every farmer cultivating on unleveled ground will practice soil and water conservation swc technologies. Erosion the incorporation and transportation of weathering products by a mobile agent such as wind, water, ice. Water erosion is due to dispersive and transporting power of water.
Understanding the factors influencing rill erosion on. Meader belts of the mississippi river in louisiana. The factors and practices are combined in a rational erosion equation for calculating field soil loss for use in application of conservation practices and in assessing land program benefits. Elsevier soil technology 11 1997 3118 soil technology factors affecting changes in erosion status in the swaziland middleveld r. What are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. This paper examines a the factors that affect water erosion from construction areas for the purpose of pre dicting the aniount of such erosion and b the factors that should be considered in the design of erosioncontrol devices. Pdf concept of wind erosion and factors affecting the rate of. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion.
The amount of water in the air and the temperature of an area are both part of an areas climate. Factors affecting erosion, transportation and deposition. Climate also indirectly affect weathering by affecting the amount of vegetation and presence of organisms that can lead to chemical weathering. Given the proper conditions, these massive ice bodies advance and heavily impact the terrain. This paper discusses the two principal processes by which sheet erosion occurs and the six factors which effect the magnitude of the losses. Soil erosion is the main form of land degradation, caused by the interacting effects of factors, such as biophysical characteristics and socioeconomic aspects. A waves strength is controlled by its fetch and the wind speed. Mar, 2018 climate is a major sculptor of landforms. Examples include monadnocks, which are isolate domes of resistant rocks. Instead, other factors are presumed be involved in the progression of dental erosion. Influencing factors and their interactions of water erosion based on. The term soil erosion covers a wide range of physical and chemical actions, such as removal of soluble matters, chemical changes, disintegration by frost or by rapid changes of temperature, attrition by dust charged wind, scouring by silt laden currents, alternate impact and succession by storm waves, landslides and so on fox 1950. Channel b has a smaller a smaller wetted perimeter resulting in more vertical erosion because it has more energy left over from overcoming friction.
It is again, easier for the sea to exploit the weaknesses in the rocks of a discordant coastline. Nov 19, 2014 however, the severity of dental erosion varies among eating disorder patients and is not associated with the eating disorders duration 3, 5. Frost action also takes place in the forspaces of rocks and causes disintegration and splitting of rocks into fragments. The following factors affect the rivers energy and ability to erode, transport and deposit its load. What are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a.
Channel a has a larger wetted perimeter which means more friction and leaves less energy to erode its bed and to transport load. The identification of the mechanisms of soil erosion and factors affecting soil erosion is an. According to staehles materials degradation model, all engineering materials are reactive and their strength is quantifiable, provided that all the variables involved in a given situation are properly diagnosed and their interactions. Understanding the basic processes and factors that are responsible for inducing land degrada tion, particularly soil erosion and associated phenomena is. Factors that affect water erosion from construction areas. Psiac empirical method is considered as one of the methods calculating and estimating the amount of erodibility and sedimentation of sedimentary deposits in sedimentary basins and dams reservoirs. Analyzing factors affecting erosion and sedimentary deposits.
Jun 07, 2017 what are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. Pdf on oct 2, 2017, g n gurjar and others published concept of wind erosion and factors affecting the rate of soil loss through the action. In a broad sense, over a time scale long enough that storage changes average out are negligible, and over a region large enough or with boundary defined. Clay minerals are moved by water from near the soil surface to deeper in the developing profile. For natural and social factors soil erosion in red soil craggy. Classification of main factors affecting erosion in unpaved roads. Weathering types of weathering, factors affecting weathering. The amount and intensity of precipitation is the main climatic factor governing soil erosion by water. Soils, soil characteristics and factors affecting management. Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils.
Research open access factors affecting the dental erosion. Factors affecting one factor that affects weathering is the total surface area of mineral or rock. Understanding the basic processes and factors that are responsible for inducing land degradation, particularly soil erosion and associated phenomena is critical. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library.
One of generous precipitation often induces extensive erosion through plentiful runoff and stream flow. Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation. The results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the slope gradient was the most signifi cant of all site variables in affecting erosion. In the last survey taken, blase identified the following factors to be significantly related to reductions in soil loss. Intraoral disease is a common occurrence in patients with eating disorders, particularly dental erosion. This includes rainfall characteristics, atmospheric temperature and wind velocity 2. Social and economic factors affecting the adoption of soil. The relationship is particularly strong if heavy rainfall occurs at times when, or in locations where, the soils surface is not well protected by vegetation.
The erosion potential of any area is determined by four principal factors. Climatic and site conditions, such as rainfall and temperature, and moisture. Factors affecting the dental erosion severity of patients. The factors and practices are combined in a rational erosion equation for calculat ing field soil loss for use in application of conservation practices and in assessing. Factors affecting furrow erosion nwisrl publications. Physical factors affecting runoff the general climatic regime controls the total volume of runoff in any region through its effect on the water balance. Research open access factors affecting the dental erosion severity of patients with eating disorders mitsuhiro otsu1, akira hamura1, yuiko ishikawa1, hiroyuki karibe2, tomoyasu ichijyo3 and yoko yoshinaga4 abstract background. Inherent soil and properties climate affect crop growth and how respond to applied p crops fertilizer, and regulate processes that limit p availability. The earth is covered with many rocks that vary in size and shape due to weathering. Velocity is determined by amount of water flowing per unit time and by slope of the furrow. Factors affecting soil erosion hazards and conservation needs for. These were systematically screened and narrowed to 564 good studies from which 99873 data were analysed in detail. The primary factor affecting shear force exerted by water on the soil is velocity of the water.
1579 259 1524 346 1641 238 1064 1121 1377 358 1359 247 767 1230 1518 392 135 602 608 539 1286 520 1404 1245 538 436 140 303 28 296 199 1254 1268 712